Urinary tract infections or UTI are among the most common to affect both men and women. However, it is more common in women. This infection is often treated with antibiotics. Also, there are preventive measures that you can follow to prevent the development of this condition. That said, you must be aware of the causes and risk factors of UTI.

Causes
When the bacteria that cause UTI to enter and multiply in the bladder, it results in infection. The common areas affected are the bladder and urethra.

1. Cystitis
This infection occurs in the bladder and is caused by the Escherichia coli or E. coli bacteria that are found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

2. Urethritis
This infection affects the urethra and is caused by GI bacteria from the anus entering the urethra. In some cases, sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea, herpes, and chlamydia can also result in UTI.

Risk factors
Some of the factors that increase the risk of  UTI  are as follows:

1. Anatomy
A shorter urethra in a woman makes it easier for bacteria from the GI tract to reach the bladder and cause infection. Hence, women are more susceptible to this infection than men.

2. Sexual activity and birth control options
Women are more prone to UTI if they are sexually active. Also, certain forms of birth control that use spermicidal agents, like diaphragms, can also increase your risk of contracting urinary tract infections. In case of recurrent infections, you should consult your doctor about alternative birth control options.

3. Menopause
Contracting UTIs is quite common after menopause. This is because of a drop in the levels of estrogen, the female hormone, in the body. This can result in changes in the urinary tract which increases the risk of infections.

4. Urinary tract abnormalities and blockages
Abnormalities in the urinary tract that do not allow urine to be eliminated from the body properly or cause it to accumulate in the urethra increase the risk of UTIs. Also, kidney stones or an enlarged prostate that blocks the proper flow of urine out from the body can increase your chances of UTI.

5. Urinary procedures and use of catheters
Surgical procedures or examinations of the urinary tract in which medical instruments are used increase your risk of contracting UTIs. Also, individuals who cannot control their urge to urinate, those who are paralyzed, hospitalized, or those who cannot urinate on their own and need to use a catheter are at a greater risk of contracting UTI.

6. Certain health conditions
People that have health conditions like diabetes that impair or weaken the functioning of the immune system are prone to developing UTIs.

Seeking treatment for urinary tract infections is critical in preventing and avoiding complications such as chronic kidney infection.